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| Self-determination | What is liberty? |
| Unalienable rights | "Consent of the governed" |
| Social contract theory | Limited government |
| Republic | What is a constitution? |
| Freedom | The ability of people in a country to decide their own government. |
| The power of government comes from the people themselves. | Rights that cannot be taken away or denied. |
| The idea that people should have the right to restrict the power of their government. | People enter into an agreement to give power to the government, which can be altered if the government misuses that power. |
| An overall plan of government, something like an outline. It declares what powers the government will have and will not have. | A government in which people elect representatives to rule for them. |
| What does "trial by jury" mean? | Assemble |
| Term | Provision |
| Conscience | Delegate |
| Confederation | Treaty |
| To gather together. | A case of law decided by a group of one's fellow citizens |
| A condition that is included in an agreement or law. | The length of time for which an elected offical serves. |
| Representative | A sense or belief a person has that a certain action is right or wrong. |
| A formal agreement between two or more groups, especially countries. | A group of states joined together by a formal agreement. |
| Alliance | Ordinance |
| Politics | Ambassador |
| Legislative | Executive |
| Judicial | Compromise |
| A law or government rule. | A partnership of different countries, organizations, or people who agree to work together. |
| A person who is ann official representative of his or her government in another country. | The activities of leaders running a government. |
| Having the power to carry out and enforce laws. | Having the power to make lawd. |
| When each side in a disagreement gives up some of what they to reach an agreement. | Having the power to decide questions of law. |
| Posterity | Immigration |
| Impeach | What was the Northwest Ordinance? |
| What was Shays's Rebellion? | What was the Virginia Plan? |
| Federal system | Separation of powers |
| The act of moving from one country to another country to live | Descendants, or future generations. |
| A law passed in 1787 by Congress that guaranteed rights to people settling in the Northwest Territory, allowed territories to become states, and prohibited slavery in the territory. | to bring formal charges against a government official |
| A proposal during the Constitutional Convention that suggested a strong central government with three branches and representation based on state population. | An armed revolt by farmers in Massachusetts in 1786 against perceived unfair taxes and economic conditions, highlighting the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. |
| The division of governmental power among three branches: the legislative (Congress), executive (President), and judicial (Supreme Court). | A system where powers are divided between a national government and state governments, aiming to balance authority and prevent tyranny. |
| Checks and balances | Great Compromise |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Federalists |
| Anti-Federalists | The Federalist Papers |
| The Bill of Rights |
| The agreement during the Constitutional Convention that created a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate with equal representation for each state. | A system where each branch of government can limit the power of the other two branches, ensuring no single branch becomes too dominant. |
| Supporters of the proposed Constitution | An agreement that for representation purposes, enslaved persons would be counted as three-fifths of a person. |
| A series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay to persuade the citizens of New York to adopt the new Constitution. | Opponents of the proposed Constitution, favoring states' rights and a bill of rights |
| The first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing fundamental rights and freedoms to individuals |