Your flashcards have been generated and the print dialog should open automatically.
If not, press Cmd+P (Mac) or Ctrl+P (Windows).
Safari users: If you see blank pages, switch orientation to Landscape then back to Portrait to fix the preview.
Create a free account to save and study this deck. Print Studio PDF layouts require a pass.
| The Middle Passage | Slave Codes |
| Historical Significance: Harriet Tubman | Frederick Douglass |
| Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831) | Dred Scott v. Sandford Decision |
| Historical Impact: Emancipation Proclamation | The Reconstruction Amendments (13, 14, 15) |
| A series of laws passed in the American colonies to define the status of enslaved persons and give slaveholders absolute power; these laws institutionalized racial hierarchy and stripped Africans of basic legal rights. | The central leg of the Triangular Trade across the Atlantic, characterized by the brutal and dehumanizing transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas; it resulted in significant loss of life and the establishment of the African diaspora. |
| A prominent abolitionist, orator, and writer who escaped slavery and provided a powerful intellectual challenge to the pro-slavery argument through his autobiography and newspaper, The North Star. | A formerly enslaved woman and the most famous 'conductor' of the Underground Railroad, leading over 70 people to freedom and later serving as a scout and spy for the Union Army during the Civil War. |
| An 1857 Supreme Court ruling that declared African Americans, whether enslaved or free, were not U.S. citizens and that Congress had no power to ban slavery in federal territories. | The deadliest slave revolt in U.S. history, which occurred in Virginia and led to increased fear among white Southerners, resulting in harsher slave codes and more restricted education for enslaved people. |
| The 13th abolished slavery; the 14th granted citizenship and equal protection; the 15th prohibited voting discrimination based on race. Collectively, they redefined the legal status of former slaves. | Issued by Lincoln in 1863, it reframed the Civil War as a struggle for human rights by declaring all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory to be 'forever free' and allowing Black men to enlist in the Union Army. |
| Freedmen’s Bureau | Sharecropping System |
| Black Codes | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
| Historical Significance: Ida B. Wells | The Washington-Du Bois Debate |
| The Great Migration | The Harlem Renaissance |
| An agricultural labor system that replaced slavery; while technically free, Black farmers often became trapped in cycles of debt to white landowners, maintaining a state of economic subjugation. | A federal agency established to assist formerly enslaved people in the transition to freedom, providing food, healthcare, and establishing thousands of schools across the South. |
| A landmark Supreme Court case that legalized the 'separate but equal' doctrine, providing the constitutional foundation for Jim Crow laws and racial segregation. | Laws passed by Southern states immediately after the Civil War to restrict the mobility and labor of African Americans, effectively attempting to return them to a condition similar to slavery. |
| A philosophical split: Booker T. Washington advocated for economic self-reliance and vocational training (Atlanta Compromise), while W.E.B. Du Bois demanded immediate social equality and higher education (The Talented Tenth). | A journalist and co-founder of the NAACP who spearheaded a national anti-lynching crusade, exposing the use of racial violence as a tool of political and economic control in the South. |
| A 1920s cultural movement based in New York City that fostered an explosion of African American literature, art, and music, celebrating Black identity and challenging racial stereotypes. | The relocation of millions of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North and West (1916–1970) to escape Jim Crow violence and seek industrial job opportunities. |
| Zora Neale Hurston | Brown v. Board of Education (1954) |
| Rosa Parks & the Montgomery Bus Boycott | Historical Significance: Little Rock Nine |
| The Student Sit-In Movement | Freedom Riders |
| The 1963 March on Washington | Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| A Supreme Court ruling that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring that 'separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,' marking the legal end of public school segregation. | An influential author and anthropologist whose work, such as 'Their Eyes Were Watching God,' focused on the authentic folk culture and agency of Black people in the rural South. |
| Nine students who integrated Central High School in Arkansas under federal troop protection, highlighting the massive resistance of white Southerners to desegregation. | Parks' refusal to yield her seat sparked a 381-day boycott that successfully integrated the Montgomery bus system and elevated Martin Luther King Jr. to national prominence. |
| Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated South to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court rulings that prohibited segregated public buses. | A nonviolent protest strategy popularized in Greensboro, NC (1960), where students sat at segregated lunch counters, leading to the desegregation of many public facilities and the formation of SNCC. |
| A landmark law that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and ended segregation in public places and employment. | A mass protest for 'Jobs and Freedom' where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his 'I Have a Dream' speech, putting pressure on Congress to pass comprehensive civil rights legislation. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Malcolm X |
| The Black Panther Party | Selma to Montgomery Marches |
| Historical Significance: Shirley Chisholm | Affirmative Action |
| Historical Significance: Toni Morrison | Maya Angelou |
| A leader in the Nation of Islam and later a human rights activist who advocated for Black empowerment, self-defense, and internationalism, offering a more militant alternative to nonviolence. | Legislation that outlawed discriminatory voting practices, such as literacy tests, and established federal oversight of elections to protect the 15th Amendment rights of Black voters. |
| Protests for voting rights that were met with state violence (Bloody Sunday); the national outrage generated by these events directly led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act. | Founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, the party focused on armed self-defense against police brutality and 'Survival Programs' like free breakfast for children in Black communities. |
| A set of policies designed to increase representation of historically marginalized groups in education and employment to address the long-term effects of systemic discrimination. | The first African American woman elected to the U.S. Congress (1968) and the first Black candidate for a major party's nomination for President of the United States (1972). |
| A celebrated poet and memoirist whose work, including 'I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings,' articulated the struggles and resilience of African Americans throughout the 20th century. | A Nobel Prize-winning novelist whose works, such as 'Beloved,' explore the psychological and social impact of slavery and the complexity of the Black female experience. |
| Election of Barack Obama (2008) | Black Lives Matter Movement |
| Juneteenth | Sojourner Truth |
| The NAACP | Langston Hughes |
| Duke Ellington | Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (1968) |
| A decentralized political and social movement protesting incidents of police brutality and all racially motivated violence against Black people, gaining global prominence in the 2010s. | The election of the first African American President of the United States, representing a significant symbolic milestone in the history of racial progress. |
| An abolitionist and women's rights activist famous for her 'Ain’t I a Woman?' speech, which highlighted the intersectional struggles of being both Black and female. | A federal holiday commemorating June 19, 1865, when enslaved people in Galveston, Texas, finally received word of their freedom, two years after the Emancipation Proclamation. |
| The primary poet of the Harlem Renaissance, known for using jazz rhythms in his poetry to depict the daily lives, struggles, and pride of working-class African Americans. | Founded in 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is the nation’s oldest civil rights organization, primarily using legal action and lobbying to fight for equality. |
| A turning point that triggered national riots and led to the passage of the Fair Housing Act; it marked a transition in the movement from legal desegregation to issues of economic justice. | A legendary composer and bandleader who elevated jazz to an art form on par with classical music and served as a major cultural figure during the Harlem Renaissance. |